Philosophy Exam

PH220 morals and Values Morgan State University Dr. John Hersey midterm examination Exam Directions Your exams must be submitted finished SafeAssign on Blackboard. Late submissions leave be penalized 10 points ( unitary full letter grade) and I will non accept submissions afterward whizz week past the receivable date, which will result in a 0 for the assignment. Plagiarism merits automatic hardship for the course. Put your name, PHIL 220 with section number, Dr. Hersey, semester and year, Midterm run on the top left of the firstborn p duration. Clearly point section headings, feature numbers, and descriptions.Remember the rubric for military rank of written consort from the syllabus. Any references to the text should be indicated evidently by the page number in p arntheses. Section 1 Explanations Write a 4-5 sentence explanation for 5 of the pursuance. (20 points) The pick out is to be as thorough, concise, and essential as possible in the unmindful space allotted . Full credit will be delivern for explanations that non only separate the concept, that alike indicate its background and moral signifi micklece. 1. Psychological egoism (Ch. 2) 2. world(a) ethical egoism (Ch. 2) 3. Greatest cheer principle (Ch. 2) 4.Cost-benefit analysis (Ch. 2) 5. Care moral philosophical system (Ch. 2) 6. Intuitionism (Ch. 3) 7. Divine Command scheme (Ch. 3) 8. faithful will (Kant, Ch. 3) 9. Practical imperative (Kant, Ch. 3) 10. stellar(prenominal) facie duties (Ross, Ch. 3) 11. Virtue ethics (Ch. 4) 12. Happiness (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 13. clothe (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 14. Virtue as a coc keystoneed (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 15. Excellence, de (Confucius, Ch. 4) 16. Mengzi on human nature (Confucius, Ch. 4) 17. lesson absolutism (Ch. 5 and Rachels fail) 18. Cultural relativism (Ch. 5 and Rachels hear) 19. Fatalism (Ch. 6) 20. Hard determinism (Ch. 6) 21. Soft determinism (Ch. 6) 22.The Value of intent Principle (Ch. 8) 23. The Principle of Individual li cense (Ch. 8) Section 2 Essays Write a response in answer to twain of the essay questions below. (40 points each) Though quality of reflexion darts precedence over quantity of pages, 23 double-spaced pages for each essay seems to be a proper overlook of thumb for length. 1. In Ursula K. Le Guins short tosh The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, Omelas is a utopian urban center of happiness and delight whose inhabitants are intelligent and cultured. E rattlingthing about the city is pleasing except for the secret inherent Omelass happiness.Omelass favorable enough wad requires that a single child is jail and kept in filth, darkness, and misery. Upon coming of age all of the citizens of Omelas are informed of the citys dark secret. later on encyclopaedism this secret most citizens remain in the city only when some walk away. Many take this short tier to be a sharp recapitulation of utilitarian moral philosophy. Evaluate this retrospect by (1) identifying the objection implied in the story, (2) maturation a careful and complete reading material of the relevant aspects of Mills philosophy upon which you might base your evaluation, and (3) arguing for the winner or failure of this objection.You may sense a copy of the short story on Blackboard. 2. Con side of meatr the hobby scenario. After colliding with an iceberg at sea the prodigality liner RMS. Gigantic sinks in the conglutination Atlantic. Four survivorstwo adult males, one adult female, all with families safe at home, and a 10-year old boy, who is weak from injuries suffered during the sinking and whose entire family has already perished in the chanceare adrift on a lifeboat with barely one weeks provisions for all of them.On the seventeenth daylight adrift, with the survivors desperate for food, someone suggests that since the boy will most likely die at least and doesnt prevail a family to take care of that the three adults should cleanup him and aim his body for nourishment u ntil they are rescued. In a power pointed and thoughtful essay, frame an answer to the question Is it permissible to kill the boy? from the aspects of Immanuel Kant (Duty Ethics) and John Stuart Mill (Utilitarianism). Your essay should include a careful and broad consideration of the relevant aspects of their moral theories for addressing the question.Finally, give your own in-person moral evaluation of the question and the supporting reasons for your view. 3. Consider the following scenario. Three MSU students, exuberate, Faith, and Hope, work at a soup kitchen every Saturday helping the homeless. Joy yields every Saturday helping the homeless because she loves and enjoys doing it. speckle at that place is certainly some personal sacrifice in doing so, she cares so profoundly for others and sympathizes with the homeless tribes lease so much that she willingly and consistently serves. Faith also helps every Saturday, scarcely very rarely enjoys it.Some Saturdays she g oes begrudgingly and others she must military unit herself to go. But she does go consistently because she recognizes that there is a universal demand to do good to others that cant be ignored. Hope is on the fast gash to a career in regime and will be running for normal office immediately after graduation. She also helps out every Saturday, but workings hard only when the local intelligence agency organizations come around for interviews. In a careful and comprehensive essay analyze each of these persons actions from the perspective of Kants moral philosophy.Which of these persons actions has moral worth for Kant? wherefore? Why do some not have moral worth? Are there any enigmas with such(prenominal) estimation? Do you agree or disagree with Kants evaluation of their actions? Explain in detail wherefore or why not and justify your view? 4. Consider the following passage from Dostoyevskys Crime and penalty Look here on one side we have a stupid, senseless, worthless, spit eful, ailing, dreadful old woman, not simply useless, but doing actual mischief, who has not an idea what she is alive for herself, and who will die in a day or two in any case. . . On the other side, impertinently young lives thrown away for loss of help, and by thousands, on every side A hundred thousand good deeds could be done and helped, on that old womans currency which will be buried in a monastery Hundreds, thousands perhaps, might be conform on the right path lashings of families saved from destitution, from ruin, from vice, from the Lock hospitalsand all with her money. slaughter her, take the money and with the help of it devote oneself to the service of humanity and the good of all.What do you think, would not one tiny abuse be wiped out by thousands of good deeds? For one life thousands would be saved from corruption and decay. One death, and a hundred lives in exchangeits simple arithmetic (Part I, Chapter 6). Explain the agate line given in this passage. Is it a good act utilitarian argument (assuming the facts to be roughly as stated)? How would a rule utilitarian and a Kantian bump this way of act utilitarian abstract thought? Which of these two kinds of criticism (if any) do you realize more convincing? Explain your think in detail. 5.To what extent do you accept that Jews, Christians, and Muslims use the Divine Command Theory approach rather than egoism or act or rule utilitarianism as a basis for their ethical systems? That is, do you swear that most Jews, Christians, and Muslims follow their devotions moral rules because they believe that those rules were effected by a supernatural be or for other reasons, for example for the herald of reward in the afterlife, out of idolize of punishment, for salvation, etc.? Explain your answer in detail. 6. Moral rules can be very useful for governing our lives and guiding our actions.However, problems can arise in the application of such rules to unusual situations. In such cases adhesion to rules can result in actions being performed that would be considered immoral. How does Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, with its wildness on the development of a unadulterated character, address the problem of moral rules? Be detailed and very specific in your consideration. To what extent do you think the problem of moral rules plays a role in modern morality? 7. Write a dialogue between two heap who advocate different positions on the put under of moral absolutism and moral relativism.Be thorough, thoughtful, and reflective. Style, humor, creativity, and last word in your examples are all welcomed, but make true that the dialogue makes short that you understand the key concepts concerning relativism and absolutism. 8. Write a dialogue between two people who advocate different positions on the dilute of freedom. Be thorough, thoughtful, and reflective. Style, humor, creativity, and cleverness in your examples are all welcomed, but make sure that the dialogue makes c lear that you understand the key concepts concerning freedom and determinism. . Do you think that self-destruction is morally justified? bill of exchange on some of the ethical theories from our text, rationalise why you believe that it is or is not justified. If you believe that it is sometimes justified, then identify and exempt the conditions that make it justified. 10. Do you think that cracking punishment is morally justified? Drawing on some of the ethical theories from our text, explain why you believe that it is or is not justified. If you believe that it is sometimes justified, then identify and explain the conditions that make it justified.